System and Hardware

• System and Hardware
  • OS info
  • Hardware Info
    • Disk Drive
    • Mount points
    • Memory
    • CPU Info
    • Other hardware components
  • Process Information
  • Network Info

OS info

• uname: get system info
  • -o: get OS info
  • -s: get kernel name
  • -r: get kernel release
  • -v: get kernel version
  • -n: get node hostname
  • -m: get hardware architecture
• lsb_release -a: get distro info
• hostname: get hostname
• hostnamectl: get system info
• lsmod: list loadable kernel modules

Hardware Info

lshw stands for list hardware.

• sudo lshw -short
• sudo lshw -html > hardwareinfo.html

Disk Drive

• lshw -c disk: info about storage controllers
• lshw -c volume: info about partitions and disk controllers
• fdisk -l: get partition table

Mount points

• lsblk: list block devices
• df: “disk filesystem” - get filesystem disk usage
  • -h: human-readable storage numbers
• du <path>: “disk usage” - get disk usage of a folder
  • -h: human-readable storage numbers
  • -s: without subdirectories

Memory

• lshw -c memory: info about memory hardware
• free: get RAM info (usage incl. swap)
  • -h: human-readable storage numbers
  • --si: Use SI prefixes (base 1000 instead of 1024)
  • -t: include total

CPU Info

• lshw -c cpu: info about cpu
• lscpu: get cpu info

Other hardware components

• lspci: list PCI devices
• lsscsi: list SCSI devices
• lsusb: list USB devices
• bluetoothctl: list Bluetooth devices
• boltctl list -a: list Thunderbolt devices

Process Information

• top: get processes (interactive, like task manager)
  • Interactive shortcuts:
    • k <pid> <signal>: kill
    • r <pid> <priority>: renice
    • u <user>: only processes for user
    • q: quit
    • i: idle
    • ESC: manual refresh
    • ?: help
  • Command arguments:
    • -b -n <N>: batch mode with iteration limit
• htop: get processes (more modern)
• pgrep "<name>": find process PID by name
  • -l: display names
    • -a: display path
• ps [-u <user>]: process status
  • -e: every process
  • -f: detailed
  • -Z: also show SELinux context/labels
  • (typical: -aux; can be grepped)
• kill [...] <PID1> [PID2...]: send a signal to a process (default: TERM)
  • -TERM (15): end gracefully (let process terminate itself)
  • -KILL (9): kill forcefully (nuke process)
  • -STOP (19): stop/pause process (same as Ctrl-Z)
  • -CONT (18): resume stopped process
  • => see man 7 signal for more

Network Info

• ifconfig -a or io addr: list active network interfaces
• route or ip route: display routing table
• netstat: display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics and more
  • -p: include pid and process
• ss: same but more TCP and state info

For more, see networking.